A varicocele is a medical term, referring to an abnormal dilation of the testicular veins. To put it in easier-to-understand terms, this condition is almost like having varicose veins on the testicles. With varicoceles, the veins become dilated because blood isn't draining properly from them. These veins then allow extra blood to pool in the scrotum, which inhibits the production of sperm. Though some men do report discomfort, it is usually a painless condition. A small percentage of people will feel a “dragging” feeling due to their varicocele.
The size of a varicocele may vary; some are large enough to be visibly seen, while others can be felt but not seen. Varicoceles seem do disappear when you lie down, as the blood drains. When you stand again, gravity will cause blood to begin pooling again and the varicocele will reappear. In men over age 40, the presence of a varicocele is considered more serious than in younger men. In age 40+ men, a varicocele can signify that a kidney tumor has developed and is pushing on the veins, or that there's a larger vein being blocked somewhere within the abdomen. Regardless, it's smarter to consult a doctor than to jump to conclusions and assume the worst.
Varicoceles are by far the most common, and easily correctable, issue that affects male fertility. 1 in 7 men have a varicocele, and it usually appears between the ages of 15 and 25. Minor outpatient surgery can correct the issue, though this is only administered in extreme cases. A teenager with a varicocele inhibiting growth of the testis, or someone suffering from significant discomfort are examples of surgical candidates. Though this type of surgery is successful, but does not always offer permanent results. A new varicocele can form months, or even years, later. The veins left behind after a varicocele is operated on may expand or dilate, now that they're carrying extra blood from the testes. In these cases, surgery can be revisited.
According to studies, men with a varicocele are more likely to experience infertility. The pooled blood in the scrotum can raise its temperature, reducing the amount and quality of the sperm produced by the testes. The scrotum requires a specific temperature for healthy sperm production, so this increased temperature can wreak havoc on a man's fertility. Even a single varicocele on one side can raise the temperature in both testes.
Up to 40% of infertile men have a varicocele. Even in younger men, a varicocele can cause fertility to dwindle over time as it does more damage. On the other hand, at least 15% of healthy, fertile men have a varicocele. Therefore, it's important to note that having a varicocele may or may not affect fertility and there is no reason to be alarmed if you have one. With treatment, some men see an improvement in fertility. For those who still suffer from infertility after treating a varicocele, there may be other negative factors at work.
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