Azoospermia is a medical condition, involving a low measurable level of sperm in a man's semen. This condition is connected with low fertility levels and infertility. Men suffering from azoospermia are often believed to be unable to father children, since conception requires sperm. This is not always the case, however. Absence of sperm in a man's ejaculate doesn't rule out semen production. In fact, it may simply be that only a small amount of sperm is being produced, or that the sperm are somehow not being delivered to the semen. Whatever the reason, this condition can be devastating to men hoping to someday father children.
The azoospermia condition can come in two forms. Obstructive azoospermia indicates that sperm are being produced, but are unable to combine with the rest of the seminal fluid due to a physical obstruction. Non-obstructive azoospermia indicates a problem with spermatogenesis, or the process of sperm cell development. Hyperploactinemia is a related condition, which occurs when there are abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood.
Even with as many as 500,000 sperm per ml of semen in a sample, chances are slim that you'll be able to father a child naturally. This normally confirms a diagnosis of azoospermia, though additional tests will need to be administered. You may need to undergo a physical examination, in which the testicles, scrotum and ductal structures will be felt. These checks are necessary to look for diminished testicle size, dilated veins or missing ductal systems. In some cases, urinalysis, hormonal evaluations and a trans-rectal ultrasound are also involved in the testing process. As a last resort, your doctor may even want to perform a testicular biopsy. These tests will help your doctor determine whether you're suffering from azoospermia.
If you are diagnosed, your doctor should be able to tell you about the severity of your condition. You'll need to know the exact cause of your condition, how low your sperm count is, and whether you're capable of producing sperm. Though this is difficult information to hear, it's important to understand your condition so that you can also be informed about potential treatment options.
Azoospermia is a relatively unusual condition, only affecting 2% of men worldwide. The UK has an increased number of men suffering from this condition, and it's estimated that as many as 300,000 men are unaware of their condition. Azoospermia has no connection with overall fitness levels, even the healthiest men can suffer from the condition.
Even if you do suffer from azoospermia, it does not automatically mean you produce no sperm, or that your condition can't be reversed. The exact diagnoses of azoospermia are complicated, and no two cases are alike. There may be a number of treatment options available which can improve your sperm production. Even in the event your ejaculate includes no sperm, it may be possible to harvest sperm and used for fertilization to conceive a child. Don't give up hope; an azoospermia diagnosis isn't the end of the world.
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